diff --git a/src/curves/nurbs_surface.cpp b/src/curves/nurbs_surface.cpp
index 80bc066..cf61ed1 100644
--- a/src/curves/nurbs_surface.cpp
+++ b/src/curves/nurbs_surface.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ Point3D NurbsSurface::evaluate(double u, double v) const {
 
     // Evaluate v-direction first: for each u-control row, evaluate B-spline in v
     std::vector<Point3D> row_results;
-    BSplineCurve bs_v({}, knots_v_, degree_v_);
+    // Create BSplineCurve with dummy control points (only knots/degree needed for span/basis)
+    int nv_pts = static_cast<int>(knots_v_.size()) - degree_v_ - 1;
+    BSplineCurve bs_v(std::vector<Point3D>(nv_pts > 0 ? nv_pts : 0), knots_v_, degree_v_);
     int span_v = bs_v.find_span(v);
     auto Nv = bs_v.basis_functions(v, span_v);
 
@@ -44,7 +46,8 @@ Point3D NurbsSurface::evaluate(double u, double v) const {
     }
 
     // Evaluate u-direction
-    BSplineCurve bs_u({}, knots_u_, degree_u_);
+    int nu_pts = static_cast<int>(knots_u_.size()) - degree_u_ - 1;
+    BSplineCurve bs_u(std::vector<Point3D>(nu_pts > 0 ? nu_pts : 0), knots_u_, degree_u_);
     int span_u = bs_u.find_span(u);
     auto Nu = bs_u.basis_functions(u, span_u);