feat(v4.6): memory pool + parallel boolean/MC/intersection + GMP exact predicates
M1 — Memory Pool (内存池): - ObjectPool<T>: O(1) acquire/release with free-list, chunk-based expansion - ThreadSafeObjectPool<T>: per-thread local pools with global fallback - CowPtr<T>: copy-on-write smart pointer with shallow/deep copy - 10 tests: single/multi-thread, CoW detach, reuse rate M2 — Parallel Boolean (并行布尔): - parallel_face_face_intersection(): OpenMP face-pair dispatch with AABB culling - parallel_classify_faces(): thread-safe ray casting classification - parallel_mesh_union/intersection/difference + B-Rep variants - Thread count management API - 12 tests: coverage, empty cases, identity operations M3 — Parallel Marching Cubes (并行MC): - parallel_marching_cubes(): Z-slice parallel voxel processing - parallel_adaptive_mc(): octree-based adaptive resolution - Complete 256-entry edge table + Möller-Trumbore interpolation - 5 tests: sphere basic/high-res/empty/adaptive/threaded M4 — Parallel Surface Intersection (并行求交): - parallel_curve_intersections(): per-pair parallel dispatch - parallel_surface_intersection(): recursive subdivision + Newton refinement - AABB broad-phase culling before narrow-phase - 4 tests: curve pairs, surface batch M5 — GMP Exact Predicates (精确谓词): - exact_orient2d/3d: adaptive precision (double → GMP fallback) - exact_in_sphere: circumsphere test with degenerate handling - exact_point_in_polygon/polyhedron: robust ray casting - PrecisionMode: Fast/Adaptive/Exact with global toggle - 12 tests: all orientations, boundary cases, mode switching 21 files, +2263 lines
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## 路线图总览
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```
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v4.1 ──→ v4.2 ──→ v4.3 ──→ v4.4 ──→ v4.5 ──→ v5.0
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✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ⬜ ⬜
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v4.1 ──→ v4.2 ──→ v4.3 ──→ v4.4 ──→ v4.5 ──→ v4.6 ──→ v5.0
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✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ 🚧 🚧 ⬜
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```
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---
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# ViewDesignEngine v4.6 — 性能基建
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> 制定: 2026-07-26 | 状态: 🚧 执行中
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>
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> 进度: 🚧 M1 内存池 | ⬜ M2 并行布尔 | ⬜ M3 并行MC | ⬜ M4 并行求交 | ⬜ M5 GMP精确算术
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继 v4.5 实用增强后，v4.6 回归引擎底层，补齐性能短板。
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---
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## 1. 🧠 内存池 (Memory Pool)
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CAD 引擎频繁创建/销毁小对象（顶点、边、面、三角形），malloc/free 成为瓶颈。
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### 1.1 ObjectPool
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- [ ] `ObjectPool<T>` — 模板化对象池，chunk 分配 + free-list 回收
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- [ ] `acquire()` / `release()` — O(1) 获取/归还
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- [ ] 线程安全版本 `ThreadSafeObjectPool<T>`（per-thread pool + global fallback）
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- [ ] 统计：allocations / reuses / waste %
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### 1.2 Copy-on-Write
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- [ ] `Cow<T>` — 写时复制包装器，引用计数 + 修改时深拷贝
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- [ ] `CowPtr<T>` — shared_ptr 风格的 CoW 指针
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- [ ] 用于 NurbsSurface、HalfedgeMesh 等大对象
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### 测试 — ~15 项
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- 单线程 acquire/release 正确性
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- 多线程并发分配/回收
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- CoW 浅拷贝验证
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- CoW 修改触发深拷贝
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- 引用计数正确性
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---
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## 2. ⚡ 并行布尔运算
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v3.x 布尔运算为单线程，面-面求交和分类是主要瓶颈。
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### 2.1 并行面-面求交
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- [ ] `parallel_face_face_intersection()` — OpenMP 并行
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- [ ] 工作窃取队列：大面分解为子任务
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- [ ] 线程安全交线收集
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### 2.2 并行分类
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- [ ] `parallel_classify_faces()` — 射线投射分类并行化
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- [ ] 每线程独立 AABB 缓存
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- [ ] 合并阶段去重
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### 2.3 性能对比
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- [ ] 基准：单线程 vs 多线程
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- [ ] 扩展性：2/4/8 线程加速比
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### 测试 — ~8 项
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- 并行结果与串行一致
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- 线程安全性（TSan 通过）
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- 加速比验证
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---
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## 3. 🔳 并行 Marching Cubes
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SDF → Mesh 转换是 SDF 建模管线瓶颈。
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### 3.1 并行体素处理
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- [ ] `parallel_marching_cubes()` — 分块并行
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- [ ] 每线程独立三角形缓冲区
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- [ ] 合并去重（边界顶点索引重映射）
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### 3.2 自适应分辨率
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- [ ] 八叉树自适应 MC，平坦区域用大格子
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### 测试 — ~6 项
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- 并行结果与串行一致
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- 多分辨率输出正确
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- 加速比验证
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---
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## 4. 📐 并行曲面求交
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NURBS 曲面-曲面求交是 B-Rep 布尔的核心。
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### 4.1 并行边界盒预筛选
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- [ ] `parallel_surface_intersection()` — 候选面对并行求交
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- [ ] 每线程独立牛顿精化
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### 4.2 曲线-曲线并行
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- [ ] `parallel_curve_intersection()` — 批量曲线对并行
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### 测试 — ~6 项
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- 并行结果与串行一致
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- 退化情况处理
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---
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## 5. 🔢 GMP 精确算术集成
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布尔运算关键路径使用精确算术消除浮点误差。
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### 5.1 精确谓词
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- [ ] `exact_orient3d()` — GMP/MPFR 精确三点定向
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- [ ] `exact_in_sphere()` — 精确球内测试
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- [ ] `exact_point_in_polyhedron()` — 精确点在体内
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### 5.2 混合精度
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- [ ] 自适应精度：先用 double，检测到不确定性 → 升级到 GMP
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- [ ] `ExactPredicate` 包装器统一接口
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### 测试 — ~10 项
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- 退化情况下 double 失败但 GMP 正确
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- 共面/共线/共球边界情况
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- 混合精度自动升级
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---
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## 里程碑
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| 里程碑 | 内容 | 预计 |
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|--------|------|------|
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| **M1: 内存池** | ObjectPool + ThreadSafePool + CoW | — |
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| **M2: 并行布尔** | 并行面-面求交 + 并行分类 | — |
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| **M3: 并行MC** | 并行体素 + 自适应分辨率 | — |
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| **M4: 并行求交** | 并行曲面/曲线求交 | — |
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| **M5: GMP** | 精确谓词 + 混合精度 | — |
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---
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## 修改文件汇总
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| 文件 | 操作 | 说明 |
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|------|------|------|
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| `include/vde/core/object_pool.h` | **新建** | 对象池 + CoW |
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| `src/core/object_pool.cpp` | **新建** | 模板实例化 |
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| `tests/core/test_object_pool.cpp` | **新建** | 对象池测试 |
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| `include/vde/brep/parallel_boolean.h` | **新建** | 并行布尔 |
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| `src/brep/parallel_boolean.cpp` | **新建** | 并行布尔实现 |
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| `tests/brep/test_parallel_boolean.cpp` | **新建** | 并行布尔测试 |
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| `include/vde/mesh/parallel_mc.h` | **新建** | 并行MC |
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| `src/mesh/parallel_mc.cpp` | **新建** | 并行MC实现 |
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| `tests/mesh/test_parallel_mc.cpp` | **新建** | 并行MC测试 |
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| `include/vde/curves/parallel_intersection.h` | **新建** | 并行求交 |
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| `src/curves/parallel_intersection.cpp` | **新建** | 并行求交实现 |
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| `tests/curves/test_parallel_intersection.cpp` | **新建** | 并行求交测试 |
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| `include/vde/core/exact_predicates.h` | **新建** | 精确谓词 |
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| `src/core/exact_predicates.cpp` | **新建** | 精确谓词实现 |
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| `tests/core/test_exact_predicates.cpp` | **新建** | 精确谓词测试 |
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| `docs/25-v4.6-开发计划.md` | **新建** | 开发计划 |
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